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Unit-I: Data base System Applications, Data Base System VS File System VS File System-View of Data-Data Abstraction-Instances and Schemas-Data Models-the EF Model-Relational Model-Other Models-Database Languages-DDL – DML – Database Access for Applications Programs-Database Users and Administrator-Transaction Management-Database System Structure-Storage Manager-The Query Processor-History of Database Systems. Database design and ER Diagrams-Beyond ER Design Entities, Attributes and Entity Sets- Relationships and Relationship Sets-Additional Features of ER Model-Concept Design with the ER Model-Conceptual Design for large Enterprises.

Unit-II: Relational Model: Introduction to the Relational Model-Integrity Constraint Over Relations-Enforcing Integrity Constraints-Querying Relational Data-Logical Database Design-Introduction to Views-Destroying/Altering Tables and Views. Relational Algebra and Calculus: Relational Algebra-Selection and Projection Set Operations-Tuple Relational Calculus-Domain Relational Calculus-Expressive Power of Algebra and Calculus.

Unit-III: Form of Basic SQL Query-Examples of Basic SQL Queries-Introduction to Nested Queries-Correlated Nested Queries Set-Comparison Operators-Aggregative Operators-NULL Values-Comparison Using Null Values-Logical Connectivity’s AND, OR and NOTR- Impact on SQL Constructs-Outer Joins-Disallowing NULL Values-Complex Integrity Constraints in SQL Triggers and active Database.

Unit-IV: Schema Refinement-Problems Caused by Redundancy-Decompositions-Problem Related to Decomposition-Reasoning About FDS – FIRST, SECOND, THIRD Normal Forms – BCNF – Lossless Join Decomposition-Dependency Preserving Decomposition-Schema Refinement in Database Design-Multi Valued Dependencies-Forth Normal Form.

Overview of Transaction Management: ACID Properties-Transactions and Schedules-Concurrent Execution of Transaction-Look Based Concurrence Control-Performance Locking-Transaction Support in SQL-Introduction to Crash recovery.

Unit-V: Concurrences Control: Serializability, and Recoverability-Introduction to Lock Management-Lock Conversions-Dealing with Dead Locks-Specialized Locking Techniques – Concurrence Without Locking. Crash recovery: Introduction to ARIES – The Log – Other Recovery related Structures- The Write – Ahead Log Protocol-Check Pointing- recovering From a System Crash – Media Recovery – Other Approaches and Interaction with Concurrences Control.